On the equivalence of some basic principles in variational analysis

The primary goal of this paper is to study relationships between certain basic principles of variational analysis and its applications to nonsmooth calculus and optimization. Considering a broad class of Banach spaces admitting smooth renorms with respect to some: bornology, we establish an equivalence between useful versions of a smooth variational principle for lower semicontinuous functions, an extremal principle for nonconvex sets, and an enhanced fuzzy sum rule formulated in terms of viscosity normals and subgradients with controlled ranks. Further refinements of the equivalence result are obtained in the case of a Frechet differentiable norm. Based on the new enhanced sum rule, we provide a simplified proof for the refined sequential description of approximate normals and subgradients in smooth spaces. (C) 1999 Academic Press.