Severity and outcome of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) with different causes of injury

Introduction: Most epidemiological studies and reports have reached a consensus on the leading causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the fact that the area of TBI is relatively well studied, reports on differences in severity and outcome of TBI with different causes are lacking. Goal: This paper analyses the differences in severity and in short- and long-term outcome of TBIs with different causes. Method: This study analysed data on 1109 patients with severe TBI by dividing them into three injury-cause groups: ''traffic-related'', ''falls'' and ''other causes''. Severity and outcome was evaluated using chosen direct and indirect indicators. Results: The most severe trauma occurred in the traffic-related group followed by falls and injuries with other causes. On the other hand, patients with traffic-related TBI had the best outcome. Age improves the outcome in the traffic-related group significantly. However, in the multivariate analysis after adjusting for age (and other important predictors including level of care) the odds for favourable long-term outcome stayed significantly higher in the traffic-related group. Conclusions: It is concluded that the causes of TBI should be considered by both clinicians and public health professionals as a lead in prognosis of outcome and policy planning.