Leaving Boys Behind Gender Disparities in High Academic Achievement

Using data front the "Monitoring the Future" surveys, this paper shows that from the 1980s to the 2000s, the mode of girls' high school GPA distribution has shifted ftom "B" to "A," essentially "leaving boys behind" as the mode of boys' GPA distribution stayed at "B." In a reweighted Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of achievement at each GPA level, we find that changes to gender differences in post-secondary expectations, in particular expectations for attending graduate or professional school, are the most important factors accounting for this trend after controlling for school ability and they occur as early as the eighth grade.