Exploring the live birth rates of women living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada

Objective To evaluate the birth rates of women living with HIV (WLWH) compared to the general population in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical and population level surveillance data from 1997 to 2015. Live birth rates from 1997 to 2015 among WLWH aged 15-49 years were compared with those of all BC women. Next, the number of live births among WLWH with a live birth between 1997-2012 and HIV-negative controls matched 1: 3 by geocode were compared. Results WLWH had a lower birth rate compared to all BC women [31.4 (95% CI, 28.6-34.3) vs. 40.0 (39.3-40.1)/1000 person years]. Stratified by age, WLWH aged 15-24 years had a higher birth rate while WLWH aged 25-49 years had a lower birth rate than BC women (p<0.01). Between 1997 and 2015, birth rates for both populations decreased among women aged 15-24 years, and increased among women aged 25-49 years, most strikingly among WLWH 35-49 years (p<0.01). When comparing WLWH with a live birth to HIV-negative geocode matched controls, WLWH aged 15-24 years (p = 0.03) and aged 25-34 years (p<0.01) had more live births than controls while WLWH aged 35-49 years did not (p = 0.06). Conclusions On a population level, WLWH have lower birth rates than the general population. However, this is not observed among WLWH who have ever given birth compared with matched controls, suggesting that sociodemographic factors may play an important role. WLWH are increasingly giving birth in their later reproductive years. Taken together, our data supports the integration of reproductive health and HIV care.