The adoption of conservation tillage practices in Oklahoma: Findings from a producer survey

Conservation tillage had initial roots in the Great Plains, but the current adoption of conservation tillage, especially no-till, lags behind in the rest of the United States. This paper documents the results of a recent survey of Oklahoma producers, which was conducted to assess the current status of conservation tillage in the state. Based on responses from 1,703 producers, econometric analysis was conducted to identify factors explaining the observed use of conservation tillage practices in Oklahoma. The survey found that conventional tillage remains the most common tillage practice among Oklahoma producers. According to the survey conventional tillage is used on 43.2% of the state's total acreage, conservation tillage on 26.7% of the total acreage, and reduced tillage on the remaining 30.1% of the crop acreage. A Tobit model was developed to explain patterns of tillage use based on producer characteristics and their perceptions on how conservation tillage performs relative to conventional tillage according to various economic and agronomic factors. The Tobit model identified operator age, farm size, crop rotation, knowledge, and erosion control as highly significant factors explaining the observed use of conservation tillage. The model results also identified potential constraints to conservation tillage adoption and use in the Southern Plains, suggesting that the unique needs of mixed crop-livestock farming systems, and the dominant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture, hinder further diffusion of conservation tillage. Future policy should consider addressing the needs of Oklahoma producers, particularly crop producers heavily engaged in livestock activities, as well as finding viable rotation crops to provide alternatives for the winter wheat monoculture.