The Dynamics of Race, Place, and Homicide Context in the Relationship between Firearm Dealers and Gun Violence

This study examines the relationship between the concentration of legal firearm dealers and firearm homicide in 27 states. Using data collected from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) and the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), multilevel negative binomial models are used to estimate homicides perpetrated with a firearm. We assess separate models for White and Black victims across three homicide types. The results demonstrate that a greater concentration of firearm dealers in surrounding counties increases the risk for firearm homicide with White victims. However, a greater concentration of firearm dealers within counties increases the risk for intimate partner homicide when the victim is Black. Stronger gun laws decrease the risk of total and gang/drug-related gun homicide with White victims, and decrease intimate partner homicides across racial groups. The results suggest the need for policy and intervention strategies that account for diverse community and gun market dynamics.