An automatic screening method for strabismus detection based on image processing

Purpose This study aims to provide an automatic strabismus screening method for people who live in remote areas with poor medical accessibility. Materials and methods The proposed method first utilizes a pretrained convolutional neural network-based face-detection model and a detector for 68 facial landmarks to extract the eye region for a frontal facial image. Second, Otsu's binarization and the HSV color model are applied to the image to eliminate the influence of eyelashes and canthi. Then, the method samples all of the pixel points on the limbus and applies the least square method to obtain the coordinate of the pupil center. Lastly, we calculated the distances from the pupil center to the medial and lateral canthus to measure the deviation of the positional similarity of two eyes for strabismus screening. Result We used a total of 60 frontal facial images (30 strabismus images, 30 normal images) to validate the proposed method. The average value of the iris positional similarity of normal images was smaller than one of the strabismus images via the method (p-value<0.001). The sample mean and sample standard deviation of the positional similarity of the normal and strabismus images were 1.073 +/- 0.014 and 0.039, as well as 1.924 +/- 0.169 and 0.472, respectively. Conclusion The experimental results of 60 images show that the proposed method is a promising automatic strabismus screening method for people living in remote areas with poor medical accessibility.