CD36 Promotes Podocyte Apoptosis by Activating the Pyrin Domain-Containing-3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome in Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Background: CD36 plays a critical role in many sterile inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and primary nephrotic syndrome. This study investigated whether CD36 activates the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and promotes podocytes apoptosis in primary nephrotic syndrome. Material/Methods: The mouse podocyte cell line MPC5 was used as a model. mRNA and protein expression of CD36 and NLRP3 was quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Levels of caspase-1 activity and total cholesterol were determined using commercial kits. Intracellular lipid droplets were detected by Oil Red O staining. CD36 expression was also examined in nephrotic mouse kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Intracellular lipid droplet was examined by Oil Red O staining. Results: CD36 expression was increased in nephrotic mouse kidney tissue. Treatment with interleukin-1 beta increased ex- pression of CD36 and total cholesterol in MPC5 cells. Moreover, this treatment increased expression of NLRP3 and the percentage of apoptotic cells, both of which were inhibited by co-treatment with an anti-CD36 antibody. Conclusions: CD36 might play an important role in podocyte apoptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary nephrotic syndrome.