Methods of detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of domestic animals

The aim of the paper is to review and compare the most important in vitro and in vivo techniques used for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of domestic animals. The possible routine application of in vitro methods in the diagnosis of resistance in field conditions is discussed. In each method its relative advantages and limitations are described. To measure relatively small differences in resistance between parasite strains or to quantitate the level of resistance under field conditions, we recommend the use of the egg hatch assay and larval development assays, which appeared to be the most suitable in vitro methods for field screening of anthelmintic resistance. Tests would be carried out together with iii vivo faecal egg count reduction test to compare and correlate the in vivo and in vitro results.