Minimally invasive soft tissue surgery in dogs and cats 2. Thoracoscopy and urethrocystoscopy

Part 1 of this article, published in the October 2010 issue of In Practice (volume 32, pp 426-431), outlined the equipment required for minimally invasive soft tissue surgery in small animals and described its use for common abdominal procedures. This article discusses how similar techniques may be applied to the thorax, urethra and bladder. However, it is important to note that new applications are constantly being developed for this type of surgery, and it is likely that other body systems will benefit from further innovation in the future.