Calibrated, late Quaternary age indices using clast rubification and soil development on alluvial surfaces in Pilot Knob Valley, Mojave Desert, southeastern California
被引:9
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作者:
Helms, JG
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机构:Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA
Helms, JG
McGill, SF
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机构:Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA
McGill, SF
Rockwell, TK
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机构:Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA
Rockwell, TK
机构:
[1] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA
[2] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
[3] William Lettis & Associates Inc, Valencia, CA 91355 USA
The orange coating (varnish) that forms on the undersides (ventral sides) of clasts in desert pavements constitutes a potential relative-age indicator. Using Munsell color notation, we semiquantified the color of the orange, ventral varnish on the undersides of clasts from 15 different alluvial fan and terrace surfaces of various ages ranging from less than 500 to about 25,000 yr. All of the surfaces studied are located along the central portion of the left-lateral Garlock fault, in the Mojave Desert of southern California. The amount of left-lateral offset may be used to determine the relative ages of the surfaces. The previously published slip rate of the fault may also be used to estimate the absolute age of each surface. The color of the ventral varnish is strongly correlated with surface age and appears to be a more reliable age-indicator than the percentage coverage of dorsal varnish. Soil development indices also were not as strongly correlated with age, as were the colors of the ventral varnish. In particular, rubification appears to be more useful than soils for distinguishing relative ages among Holocene surfaces. Humidity sensors indicated that the undersides of clasts condensed moisture nightly for a period of several days to over a week after each rain. These frequent wet-dry cycles may be responsible for the rapid development of clast rubification on Holocene surfaces. (C) 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.