Bi-Level Multi-Objective Planning Model of Solar PV-Battery Storage-Based DERs in Smart Grid Distribution System

This paper presents a novel bi-level multi-objective model for planning solar PV-battery storage (PV-BS) based DERs in Smart grid distribution system (SGDS). The planning of Solar PV and battery storage (BS) in the distribution system presents severe complexities for the system planner due to their inherent attributes. The detailed analysis considering all three planning aspects, namely technical, economics, and environmental, is presented, assisting in the efficient and reliable planning operation. The four test cases are formulated based upon the life cycle cost, unserved energy, penetration level, and social welfare. The level-1 proceeds with evaluating the DERs sizing along with penetration level and serves as an input to level-2 for computing the optimal placement for DERs. The proposed model is implemented on the IEEE-33 bus distribution system and solved using Butterfly-PSO (BF-PSO) algorithm. The detailed parametric and sensitivity analysis presented may aid the system planners in terms of planning preview. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed work by showing significant improvement in bus voltage profiles (up to 4%) and reduction in total power losses (up to 45%). The highest penetration level is observed for Case 2 (70%), which also corresponds to the highest LCC (k$ 147094) and thus results in the lowest emission cost (k$ 4920).