Sounds Scary? Lack of Habituation following the Presentation of Novel Sounds

被引:32
|
作者
Biedenweg, Tine A. [1 ]
Parsons, Michael H. [2 ,3 ]
Fleming, Patricia A. [2 ]
Blumstein, Daniel T. [4 ]
机构
[1] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Environm & Aquat Sci, Perth, WA, Australia
[2] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
[3] SUNY Empire State Coll, Dept Biol, Hartsdale, NY USA
[4] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA
来源
PLOS ONE | 2011年 / 6卷 / 01期
基金
奥地利科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; WALLABIES MACROPUS-EUGENII; PREDATION; DETERRENTS; VIGILANCE; BEHAVIOR; STARTLE; DEVICE;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0014549
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Background: Animals typically show less habituation to biologically meaningful sounds than to novel signals. We might therefore expect that acoustic deterrents should be based on natural sounds. Methodology: We investigated responses by western grey kangaroos (Macropus fulignosus) towards playback of natural sounds (alarm foot stomps and Australian raven (Corvus coronoides) calls) and artificial sounds (faux snake hiss and bull whip crack). We then increased rate of presentation to examine whether animals would habituate. Finally, we varied frequency of playback to investigate optimal rates of delivery. Principal Findings: Nine behaviors clustered into five Principal Components. PC factors 1 and 2 (animals alert or looking, or hopping and moving out of area) accounted for 36% of variance. PC factor 3 (eating cessation, taking flight, movement out of area) accounted for 13% of variance. Factors 4 and 5 (relaxing, grooming and walking; 12 and 11% of variation, respectively) discontinued upon playback. The whip crack was most evocative; eating was reduced from 75% of time spent prior to playback to 6% following playback (post alarm stomp: 32%, raven call: 49%, hiss: 75%). Additionally, 24% of individuals took flight and moved out of area (50 m radius) in response to the whip crack (foot stomp: 0%, raven call: 8% and 4%, hiss: 6%). Increasing rate of presentation (12x/min x2 min) caused 71% of animals to move out of the area. Conclusions/Significance: The bull whip crack, an artificial sound, was as effective as the alarm stomp at eliciting aversive behaviors. Kangaroos did not fully habituate despite hearing the signal up to 20x/min. Highest rates of playback did not elicit the greatest responses, suggesting that 'more is not always better'. Ultimately, by utilizing both artificial and biological sounds, predictability may be masked or offset, so that habituation is delayed and more effective deterrents may be produced.
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页数:8
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