Cycles for Earth-to-orbit propulsion

The reduction of Earth-to-orbit launch costs in conjunction with an increase in launcher reliability and operational efficiency are the key demands on future space transportation systems. Results of various system analyses indicate that these demands can be met with future single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicles using advanced technologies for both structure and propulsion systems. This paper will provide a classification and description of all turbopump feed liquid rocket engine cycles, followed by a combined vehicle/propulsion analysis of the design parameters for the propulsion systems and their associated thermodynamic cycles for the launch of future SSTO vehicles. Existing and projected rocket engine cycles capable of SSTO missions will be presented.