Blood pressure-lowering effect of nebivolol in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Yestono study

Background: Effective blood pressure(BP)-lowering therapy is regarded as the most important intervention in diabetes mellitus. Nebivolol is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, but to date there has been no study of its use in a large population of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A prospective, open-label, multicentre, post-marketing surveillance study was conducted in 2838 patients with arterial hypertension requiring intervention and concomitant type 2 diabetes, with or without other diseases. The therapeutic agent was nebivolol, either as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to other antihypertensive agents, over a minimum period of 3 months, with the primary endpoint being achievement of target BPs, that is, systolic BP <= 140mm Hg and diastolic BP <= 90mm Hg. Other endpoints were changes in metabolic parameters, effects on physical capability and tolerability during treatment. Statistical analysis was prospectively planned and conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Results: Mean (SD) BP decreased from 156 (15.3)/92 (9.4)mm Hg to 135 (11)/81 (6.6)mm Hg during the treatment period, while mean (SD) heart rate decreased from 79 (10) to 71 (7) beats/min. Strict reduction of BP was associated with improvements in most metabolic parameters, including lipid levels, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and microalbuminuria. Maximum physical capability improved modestly. Most patients (85%) received nebivolol 5 mg/day. Conclusions: Strict BP reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes with or without other concomitant cardiovascular diseases is achieved with nebivolol 5 mg/day in most patients. The benefits of lowering BP with use of nebivolol are associated with improvements in most metabolic parameters and in maximum physical capability.