Evaluation of multimodal feedback effects on the time-course of motor learning in multimodal VR platform for rowing training

This study focused on the benefits of feedback augmentation for multi-session training of a complex motor-cognitive skill of indoor rowing in virtual environment. Specifically, we compared the effectiveness of augmented information feedback provided per training trial either visually, haptically or visual-haptically to the non-augmented condition, where no on-line feedback an task performance was afforded during training sessions. Surprisingly, the non-augmented training group was in general as successful in the long-term learning of a rowing skill as the augmented groups and according to some measures even superior to them. Our results also highlight important differences in the course of learning and skill representation upon different feedback conditions provided during training and may provide useful insights to the optimization for both sport and rehabilitation training protocols in VR.