Water diffusion in polyethylene modified by ion irradiation

Water diffusion in polyethylene (PE) modified by irradiation with 40 keV Ar+ ions to fluences of 1 x 10(12) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) was studied. The diffusion experiments were performed in a temperature interval from 25 to 100 degrees C and for diffusion times of up to 3 h. The water incorporated was detected by infra-red spectroscopy, microgravimetry and by measuring contact angles. Maximum water uptake observed for the ion fluence of 1 x 10(13) cm(-2) may be connected with an increase in free volume fraction and oxidative processes in the PE surface layer modified by ion irradiation. For higher ion fluences, the available free volume is reduced owing to carbonization and crosslinking of the polymer and, accordingly, the water content decreases. The water incorporated in PE is mostly in the form of isolated molecules. At elevated temperature rediffusion of water is observed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved.