Analysis of the components of the Miranda warnings

Differences in people's understandings of the Miranda warnings have been demonstrated through a number of research studies. However, little research exists on the differences between the parts of the Miranda used by law enforcement in various jurisdictions. This study investigated the differences between the warnings used in various jurisdictions across the U.S. Results indicated that the fourth prong (i.e., appointment of an attorney for an indigent defendant) was more difficult to read compared with the other main prongs. Results also revealed that juvenile versions of the Miranda are significantly more difficult. to read than the adult versions. The results continue to support the necessity of careful and thorough evaluation of waiver competency.