Effects of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on Carbon Storage in North African Coastal Wetlands

Healthy wetlands are among the most effective sinks for carbon on the planet, and thus contribute to mitigate climate change. However, in North Africa, coastal wetlands are under high pressure especially from urban sprawl and tourism development, due to the rapid population growth and migration. This paper analyzed the effects of land use/land cover changes on carbon stocks, over 20 years, in six North African coastal wetlands, and estimated the economic value of the carbon sequestered during the considered period. The methodology used combined remote sensing and modeling. The results showed that among the six studied sites, only two (Moulouya and Moulay Bouselham) showed an increase in stored carbon and therefore are potential carbon sinks. In turn, the other four showed a more or less significant loss of carbon, which will likely be released into the atmosphere. The underlying processes that drive changes in carbon dynamics are mainly urban expansion and land use conversion, which often occurs at the expense of the natural habitats surrounding the wetlands. Understanding these processes can provide valuable decision-making information for land use planning, wetlands conservation and carbon reduction policies.