Cartels Uncovered

被引：12
|
作者：
Hyytinen, Ari [1 ,2 ]
Steen, Frode [3 ,4 ]
Toivanen, Otto [4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ]
机构：
[1] Hanken Sch Econ, Dept Econ, POB 479, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
[2] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
[3] Norwegian Sch Econ, Dept Econ, N-5045 Bergen, Norway
[4] CEPR, London, England
[5] Aalto Univ, Sch Business, Dept Econ, POB 21240, FI-0076 Aalto, Finland
[6] Helsinki Grad Sch Econ, Helsinki, Finland
[7] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
来源：
AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-MICROECONOMICS | 2018年 / 10卷 / 04期
基金：
芬兰科学院;
关键词：
HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; COLLUSION; STABILITY; MARKETS; SELECTION; DURATION; LENIENCY; INDUSTRY; COST;
D O I：
10.1257/mic.20160326
中图分类号：
F [经济];
学科分类号：
02 ;
摘要：
How many cartels are there, and how long do they live? The answers to these questions are important in assessing the need for competition policy. We present a Hidden Markov Model that takes into account that often it is not known whether a cartel exists or not. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels-Finnish manufacturing industries 1951-1990. Our estimates suggest that once born, cartels are persistent; by the end of the period, almost all industries were cartelized.
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页码：190 / 222
页数：33
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