Labiaplasty: Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database

Background Labiaplasty is an increasingly popular procedure performed for both cosmetic and pathologic etiologies. Questions have been raised regarding the efficacy of the procedure, especially for cosmetic etiologies. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the complication profiles of labiaplasties for both cosmetic and pathologic etiologies. Methods The 2005 to 2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was analyzed for patients who, according to the relevant Current Procedural Terminology code, had undergone labiaplasties. Our cohort was further separated into cosmetic and pathologic groups based on International Classification of Diseases codes. Information was collected on patient demographic characteristics, patient comorbidities, and operative variables. Outcomes of interest included surgical complications and delayed length of stay (DLOS). A univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied to determine statistically significant predictors of our outcomes of interest for both etiologies. Results There were 640 patients in the cosmetic cohort and 1919 patients in the pathologic cohort. There were no significant differences in rates of surgical complications between the 2 groups, but there was a statistically significant increase in length of stay for the pathologic group. Univariate analysis revealed operative time and plastic surgeon specialty to be predictive of DLOS in the cosmetic cohort. No covariates were implicated with multivariate analysis for either surgical complications or for DLOS in the cosmetic cohort. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cosmetic labiaplasty is a safe and efficacious procedure with low complication rates and no predictors of adverse outcomes. Level of Evidence: 4