The pattern of runs of homozygosity and genomic inbreeding in world-wide sheep populations

Genome-wide pattern of runs of homozygosity (ROH) across ovine genome can provide a useful resource for studying diversity and demography history in sheep. We analyzed 50 k SNPs chip data of 2536 animals to identify pattern, distribution and level of ROHs in 68 global sheep populations. A total of 60,301 ROHs were detected in all breeds. The majority of the detected ROHs were <16 Mb and the average total number of ROHs per individual was 23.8 +/- 13.8. The ROHs greater than 1 Mb covered on average 8.2% of the sheep autosomes, 1% of which was related to the ROHs with 1-4 Mb of length. The mean sum of ROH length in two-thirds of the populations was less than 250 Mb ranging from 21.7 to near 570 Mb. The level of genomic inbreeding was relatively low. The average of the inbreeding coefficients based on ROH (FROH) was 0.09 +/- 0.05. It was rising in a stepwise manner with distance from Southwest Asia and maximum values were detected in North European breeds. A total of 465 ROH hotspots were detected in 25 different autosomes which partially surrounding 257 Refseq genes across the genome. Most of the detected genes were related to growth, body weight, meat production and quality, wool production and pigmentation. In conclusion, our analysis showed that the sheep genome, compared with other livestock species such as cattle and pig, displays low levels of homozygosity and appropriate genetic diversity for selection response and genetic merit gain.