Simulation and Application of Submerged CO2-O2 Injection in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking: Modeling and Arrangement of Submerged nozzles

The technology of submerged CO2-O-2 injection was developed to enhance the circulation in liquid baths and accelerate the smelting reaction rate in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking. In this study, the effect of submerged gas injection on the EAF liquid bath flowing characteristics was studied and analyzed using numerical simulations, water model experiments, and industrial application research. The results demonstrate that the flow rate of the gas supply, horizontal arrangement mode, and vertical dip angle of the submerged nozzle have a significant impact on stirring in the liquid bath. The horizontal arrangement mode of the two submerged nozzles influences bath circulation in the EAF by determining the collision among the fluid flow streams due to the promotion of submerged nozzles. Compared with Mode A and Mode C, Mode B can improve the molten bath stirring with better temperature and composition homogeneity. The erosion rate of the fire brick around the submerged nozzle in Mode B is 2.42 mm/heat, which is less than that in both Mode A and Mode C.