Acoustic signals of Issidae (Homoptera, Cicadinea, Fulgoroidea) compared with signals of some other Fulgoroidea with notes on taxonomic status of the subfamily Caliscelinae

Acoustic signals of nine Issidae species from the subfamilies Issidae and Caliscelinae were investigated. Calling signals of Issinae are rather simple in their temporal pattern and consist of trains of uniform dicsrete pulses. Territorial behavior and signals of corresponding types in this subfamily are poorly developed. By these characters Issinae are similar to the other Fulgoroidea studied, except Delphacidae. On the contrary, calling signals of Caliscelinae are very complex and usually consist of several components, different in temporal structure. Species of the genus Ommatidiotus (O. dissimilis and O. inconspicuus) have the well developed territorial behavior in both sexes and emit territorial and aggressive signals. These data confirm the hypothesis that Issinae and Caliscelinae are not closely related groups, and the latter should be considered as a separate family.