BEYOND USER-CENTERED DESIGN

The evolution of matter in the universe and biological evolution on Earth gave rise to humanity. Now, humanity has begun to direct evolution by means of artificial biological or technological systems. Technology has become increasingly powerful. It has augmented the capacities of the senses and has boosted mental faculties. Technological development will continue and new, more complex, automated products will be designed in an effort to produce ideal functions. However, technology has an aim and must also have some limits, in order to preserve the security of people or the environment. Designers of technological systems have developed machines and established methodologies to improve the man-machine interaction, which has led to the concept of user-centred design. This article discusses the principles that must guide the designer in the light of recommendations or international treaties. In addition, some methods for the basic structuring of the designer's activities are discussed and names are proposed for a new form of design that goes beyond the user.