Combination of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs): Recent advances in synthesis and analytical applications of MOF/COF composites

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have always been objects of interest to scientists in various fields by virtue of their prominent characteristic features, such as structural tunability, high specific surface area, and highly ordered pores. With the development of synthesis techniques between MOFs and COFs over the past several years, MOF/COF composites prepared by combining MOFs and COFs have become an emerging class of porous hybrid materials. Herein, we first comprehensive summarize advanced strategies for synthesizing MOF/COF composites. Then, the emerging applications of MOF/COF composites in diverse fields due to their synergistic effects are systematically highlighted, including analytical chemistry (membrane separation, sensing and sample pretreatment) and other fields (catalysis and energy storage). Last, the current challenges associated with future perspectives of MOF/COF composites are also briefly discussed to inspire the advancement of more MOF/COF composites with excellent properties. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.