Nephroprotective Effect of Gelsemine Against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity is Mediated Via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress

Cisplatin-induced generation of reactive oxygen species leads to acute nephrotoxicity limiting its use in the treatment of various cancers. Gelsemine, an alkaloid isolated from Gelsemium elegans, is known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. This study was aimed to investigate as to whether gelsemine can serve as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, each with 6 rats. Group 1 served as control and received the vehicles (peanut oil for 14 days and 0.9 % saline on day 14 for gelsemine and cisplatin respectively). Group 2 received a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin on day 14. Group 3 and 4 were pretreated with two different doses of gelsemine in addition to cisplatin, and group 5 and 6 received only gelsemine. The effects of gelsemine on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were examined by measuring anti-oxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in the kidneys, a well-established model of oxidative damage. Pretreatment of rats with gelsemine caused a significant attenuation of cisplatin-induced DNA and oxidative damages. The blockade of lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity was accompanied by increased production and/or activity of anti-oxidants, both enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymatic (GSH). The biomarkers of kidney malfunctioning, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were ameliorated. The results of the present study suggest that gelsemine effectively suppressed cisplatin-induced renal injury by improving redox status.