Performance optimization for space-based sensors: Simulation and modelling at Fraunhofer IOSB

The prediction of the effectiveness of a space-based sensor for its designated application in space (e.g. special earth surface observations or missile detection) can help to reduce the expenses, especially during the phases of mission planning and instrumentation. In order to optimize the performance of such systems we simulate and analyse the entire operational scenario, including: - optional waveband - various orbit heights and viewing angles - system design characteristics, e.g. pixel size and filter transmission - atmospheric effects, e.g. different cloud types, climate zones and seasons In the following, an evaluation of the appropriate infrared (IR) waveband for the designated sensor application is given. The simulation environment is also capable of simulating moving objects like aircraft or missiles. Therefore, the spectral signature of the object/missile as well as its track along a flight path is implemented. The resulting video sequence is then analysed by a tracking algorithm and an estimation of the effectiveness of the sensor system can be simulated. This paper summarizes the work carried out at Fraunhofer IOSB in the field of simulation and modelling for the performance optimization of space based sensors. The paper is structured as follows: First, an overview of the applied simulation and modelling software is given. Then, the capability of those tools is illustrated by means of a hypothetical threat scenario for space-based early warning (launch of a long-range ballistic missile (BM)).