Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Following Percutaneous Transluminal Mitral Commissurotomy in Pregnant Women with Critical Mitral Stenosis: An Experience of a Tertiary Care Center from Northern India

Background: Rheumatic mitral stenosis is the common valvular heart disease seen during pregnancy. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy is an effective, safe, and recommended treatment for critical mitral stenosis during pregnancy. We hereby report the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women subjected to percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy at our institute. Methods: Seventy consecutive pregnant women with critical mitral stenosis, who underwent PTMC during the last 10 years, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had a detailed clinical and obstetric evaluation and were optimally managed with drugs, before the intervention. A comprehensive pre- and post-percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation was performed. Detailed obstetric and fetal outcomes were noted at the time of delivery. Six weeks of post-partum follow-up was noted in all patients. Results: The mean gestational age at the time of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy was 29.5 +/- 6.68 weeks. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy was successful in 97% of patients. Post-percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy New York Heart Association functional class, mitral valve area, trans-mitral pressure gradient, and left atrial pressure had a significant improvement (P < .001). The mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 36.92 +/- 3.02 weeks. The mean birth weight of live newborn was 2.29 +/- 0.55 kg. The fetal complications include growth restriction in 62.85%, preterm delivery in 34.37%, and low birth weight in 67.21%. A delayed percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy at about 30 weeks of gestation did not affect the maternal and fetal outcomes. Conclusion: Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy is safe and efficacious in managing pregnant women with critical mitral stenosis. There was a significant improvement in clinical symptoms and echocardiographic parameters following percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy.