Abatement technology of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by means of enhanced coagulation and ozonation for wastewater reuse

In this study, we have investigated the purification efficiency during enhanced coagulation, ozone oxidation and their combined processes for the removal of trace amounts of EDCs in different DOM matrices. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiency of EDCs occurred at or near pH 7.0 when measured over a pH range of 4.0-10.0. The addition of natural colloids had a two-part influence. While the floc generated by pol-yaluminium chloride (PAC) significantly increased in size from 198.0 mu m to 290.4 mu m with a simultaneous improvement in the removal efficiency of EDCs, the floc size generated by polyferric sulfate (PFS) had no worthwhile change except for a slight decrement. The removal efficiency of EDCs and the decrease in spectral parameters including UVA254, UVA280 and humic-like fluorescence during ozonation processes with and without pre-coagulation were investigated. During the ozonation process, efficient elimination of target EDCs are achieved at low O-3 doses (O-3/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 0.2) in different water matrices. The pH-titration differential absorbance spectra technique further demonstrated that the high reactivity of O-3 to EDCs is owing to their phenolic moieties. In addition, when mgO(3)/mgDOC ratio reaches to similar to 0.40, 90% of estrogenic activity was eliminated. In a nutshell, ozonation with pre-coagulation together leads to considerably higher abatement of EDCs and estradiol (E2) equivalent values (EEQ) at the same ozone dosage than ozonation only process for wastewater treatment.