Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse-the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance-this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries. The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners-especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.