Estimating Teff, radius, and luminosity of M-dwarfs using high-resolution optical and NIR spectral features

We estimate effective temperature (T-eff), stellar radius, and luminosity for a sample of 271 M-dwarf stars (M0V-M7V) observed as a part of CARMENES (CalarAlto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) radial-velocity planet survey. For the first time, using the simultaneously observed high-resolution (R similar to 90 000) spectra in the optical (0.52-0.96 mu m) and near-infrared (0.96-1.71 mu m) bands, we derive empirical calibration relationships to estimate the fundamental parameters of these low-mass stars. We select a sample of nearby and bright M-dwarfs as our calibrators for which the physical parameters are acquired from high-precision interferometric measurements. To identify the most suitable indicators of T-eff, radius, and luminosity (log L/L-circle dot), we inspect a range of spectral features and assess them for reliable correlations. We perform multivariate linear regression and find that the combination of pseudo-equivalent widths and equivalent width ratios of the Ca II at 0.854 mu m and Ca II at 0.866 mu m lines in the optical and the Mg I line at 1.57 mu m in the near-infrared give the best fitting linear functional relations for the stellar parameters with root mean square errors of 99K, 0.06 R-circle dot, and 0.22 dex, respectively. We also explore and compare our results with literature values obtained using other different methods for the same sample of M dwarfs.