Validation of a multidimensional measure of goal orientation

Goal orientation is emerging as a useful construct for understanding how people develop, attain or demonstrate competence in learning and performance. Although it is generally accepted that goal orientation comprises three factors - learning, performance approach, and performance avoidance orientations many researchers continue to use a general, two-factor measure to assess its influence on learning and performance. To enhance the predictive validity of goal orientation, we conducted a series of studies with over 900 participants to establish the reliability, validity, and factor structure of a new tri-dimensional measure of goal orientation that is adaptable to different situations. As well, we addressed questions about the distinctiveness of goal orientation from self-efficacy. Results indicated that goal orientation should be partitioned into three distinct factors that are different from self-efficacy. Finally, we offer a psychometrically sound alternative to existing general measures of goal orientation that captures all three dimensions and can be easily adapted to different situations.