Utility of immunochemistry in cytology

Background: The role played by cytology in primary diagnosis is undeniable. With improved management protocols and targeted therapy, the need for accurate diagnosis has become mandatory. Immunochemistry and molecular techniques are increasingly being used on limited tissue samples. Aims: This study was conducted to find out the impact of immunocytochemistry (ICC) on cytology material in cytology practice. Materials and Methods: Immunochemistry was done on alcohol-fixed smears and cell-block preparations. It was done with i6000 BioGenex autostainer using BioGenex reagents. Results: A total of 148 cases occurring over a period of 3 years (September 2010-June 2013) were analyzed. Staining was done on cytology smears in 77 cases and on cell-block sections in 71 cases. ICC helped in diagnosis in 8 cases, confirmed the diagnosis in 26 cases, helped in subtyping in 60 cases, and helped in prognostication in 6 cases. ICC has altered the diagnosis in two cases. It was noncontributory in 43 cases, and the material was inadequate in three cases. Conclusion: In 102 cases (69%), ICC proved to be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and prognostication; hence, its use is recommended in practice to aid in cytology services.