Optimization based accurate scheduling for generation and reserve of power system

With the improvement of electricity markets, the gradual aggravation of energy shortage and the environment pollution, it is urgent to formulate a new model to precisely satisfy the system demand for energy and reserve. Currently, power system optimization dispatching is always formulated as a discrete-time scheduling model. In this paper, we first demonstrate through an example that the upper and lower bounds of spinning reserve offered by a unit, given in the discrete-time model framework as constraints, is unreachable. This causes the problem that the reserve delivery obtained by the discrete-time scheduling model cannot be carried out precisely. From the detailed analysis of the ramp rate constraints, it is proved that the reachable upper and lower bounds of spinning reserve in every period can be expressed as functions of two variables, i.e., generation level of unit at the start and end of this period. Thus, a new method is provided to calculate the upper and lower bounds of spinning reserve which are reachable in average. Furthermore, a new model based on this proposed method for joint scheduling of generation and reserve is presented, which considers the ability to realize the scheduled energy and reserve delivery. It converts the optimization based accurate scheduling for generation and reserve of power system from a continuous-time optimal control problem to a nonlinear programming problem. Therefore, the proposed model can avoid the difficulties in solving a continuoustime optimal control problem. Based on the sequential quadratic programming method, numerical experiments for scheduling electric power production systems are performed to evaluate the model and the results show that the new model is highly effective.