Acellular pertussis vaccines for adolescents

被引:32
|
作者
Pichichero, ME [1 ]
Casey, JR [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Rochester, Ctr Med, Elmwood Pediat Grp, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
关键词
acellular; adolescent; immunity; pertussis; protection; Tdap; vaccine;
D O I
10.1097/01.inf.0000166157.21561.78
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Background: The epidemiology of pertussis is changing, with a clear increase in the number of cases diagnosed in adolescents and adults. This development has spurred studies and anticipated licensure of safer diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis combined (Tdap) vaccines for this older population. Methods: Literature review. Results: Tdap vaccines are safe and immunogenic when administered to adolescents and adults. Correlates of immunity to pertussis after Tdap vaccination have not been established, but various combinations of antibody to pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae) provide protection. The importance of the number of antigens in Tdap vaccines for protection against mild pertussis disease is unclear. Pertussis vaccination establishes herd immunity after sufficient uptake within communities and countries. As experience with TdaP vaccines has accumulated, a 1-2% occurrence of large, local injection-site reactions with all TdaP vaccine products have been observed for booster doses in children 4-6 years of age. The frequency of large local reactions appears lower in adolescents and adults. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for the local reactions are not established, but a majority appears to be immunoglobulin E-mediated-reactive edema, and a minority appears to be immunoglobulin G-mediated Arthus-type reactions. Conclusions: Tdap vaccines appear safe and immunogenic. The economic impact of pertussis provides a cost-benefit justification for widespread use of Tdap vaccine boosting in adolescents.
引用
收藏
页码:S117 / S126
页数:10
相关论文
共 50 条