Fermentation substrate and dilution rate interact to affect microbial growth and efficiency

The effect of dilution rate (D) on carbohydrate, fibrous and nonfibrous, and protein fermentation by ruminal microorganisms was studied using a single-effluent continuous-culture system. The diets of fibrous carbohydrate, nonfibrous carbohydrate, or protein were formulated with soybean hulls (FC), ground corn (NFC), or isolated soy protein (PR) as the primary ingredient, respectively. Six dilution rates (.025,.050, .075, .10, .15, and .20/h of fermenter volume) were used. Digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP for the three diets and of NDF and ADF for the FC diet decreased (P <.001) as D increased, although the response of the digestibility to D varied with diet. Increasing D resulted in an increase in pH (P <.001) and a decrease (P <.001) in ammonia concentration. Daily volatile fatty acid production increased (quadratic; P <.01) for the FC and NFC diets, but decreased (quadratic; P <.001) for the PR diet. Increasing D quadratically increased (P <.001) the molar percentage of acetate and propionate, but quadratically decreased (P <.001) butyrate and valerate for the FC and NFC diets. For the PR diet, the molar percentage of propionate and valerate increased (quadratic; P <.01), whereas acetate and butyrate decreased (linear; P <.001) in response to increasing D. Molar percentage of isobutyrate and isovalerate decreased(P <.01) with increasing D for all three diets. As D increased, daily microbial N production showed quadratic responses with maximum values achieved at .126, .143, and .187/h D for the FC, NFC, and PR diet, respectively. There was a positive correlation between microbial growth efficiency (MOEFF) and D. A quadratic model fit the data of MOEFF as affected by D, and maximum MOEFF of 37.3, 59.6, and 71.4 g of bacterial N/kg OM truly fermented were calculated to be achieved at .177, .314, and .207/h D for the FC, NFC, and PR diet, respectively. Dilution rate significantly influenced the ruminal microbial fermentation of fibrous and nonfibrous carbohydrates and proteins, and was positively related to microbial yield and growth efficiency. In addition, microbial nitrogen composition, and therefore efficiency, was affected by substrate fermented.