Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Temocillin Treatment in Patients with Febrile UTI Accounting for the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance

Background Antibiotic resistance has been listed as one of the biggest threats to global health today. A recent study has shown that treating febrile urinary tract infections with temocillin instead of cefotaxime leads to a reduced selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, a potential challenge with prioritizing temocillin over cefotaxime is the cost consequences. Objective This study aimed to assess the cost effectiveness of using temocillin compared to cefotaxime in treating febrile urinary tract infections in a model that takes the emergence of antibiotic resistance into account. Methods We used a Markov cohort model to estimate the costs and health effects of temocillin and cefotaxime treatment in febrile urinary tract infections in a Swedish setting. Health effects were assessed in terms of quality-adjusted life-years, and the primary outcome was the cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained with temocillin compared to cefotaxime. We used a 5-year time horizon. Results The model results showed that temocillin treatment led to better health outcomes at a higher total cost. The cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained was approximately 38,400 EUR. Results from the sensitivity analysis suggested a 63% probability of temocillin being cost effective at a threshold of 50,000 EUR. Furthermore, results showed that the cost effectiveness of temocillin in febrile urinary tract infections is highly dependent on the drug cost. Conclusions As antibiotic consumption is a driving force of resistance, it is essential to consider the development of resistance when studying the health economic consequences of antibiotic treatments. In doing so, this study found temocillin to be cost effective for febrile urinary tract infections.