Modeling lexical effects on phonetic categorization and semantic effects on word recognition

I respond to Norris et al.'s criticism of Gaskell and Marslen-Wilson (1997). When the latter's network is tested in circumstances comparable to the Merge simulations in the target article, it produces the desired pattern of results. In another area of potential feedback in spoken word processing, aspects of lexical content influence word recognition and our network provides a simple explanation of why such effects emerge. It is unclear how such effects would be accommodated by Merge.