Life cycle assessment of non-alcoholic single-serve polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles in the state of California

The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental burden of non-alcoholic single serving size polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottle systems in the state of California through a life cycle assessment model. A mass flow of polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottle in the U.S., and the state of California is drawn as a Sankey diagram. The life cycle assessment model is designed with five main sections; material production, polyethylene terephthalate bottle production, waste management, environmental benefit, and transportation. The scope is cradle-to-grave with a representative functional unit as the amount of polyethylene terephthalate necessary to deliver 1000 L of beverage, specifically in carbonated soda, water and tea. To identify the strategy to reduce the environmental burden of the overall system, several scenarios are established as the management intervention by reducing two different polyethylene terephthalate waste sources; post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate bottle collection waste, scenario 'c', and yield loss of the reclamation process, scenario 'r'. The contribution analysis indicates that the polyethylene terephthalate bottle production is the highest environmental burden source in most of the impact indicator. Scenario 'r' is translated in higher environmental benefit than the pursuit of scenario 'c' in every impact indicator. The results show that increasing efficiency of the reclamation process, provides a larger environmental benefit than improving the post-consumer bottle collection system for polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottle in the state of California. The results can be used to comprehend the main environmental burden of polyethylene terephthalate bottles and to optimize their recovery in the other 49 U.S. states and around the world. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.