Inhalational anaesthetic agents

The continued development of anaesthetic agents since the late 18th century has paved the way for the progression of surgical techniques. Inhalational agents are used worldwide for the delivery of safe, effective anaesthesia. These include the volatile agents halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane, in addition to the anaesthetic gases nitrous oxide and xenon. Although the newer volatiles have an improved safety profile in comparison to older agents, the ideal anaesthetic agent remains elusive. It is vital for anaesthetists to understand the physical properties, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the individual inhalational anaesthetic agents so that the most appropriate agent for a patient or procedure is selected and administered correctly.