Comparative analysis of positioning accuracy of Garmin Forerunner wearable GNSS receivers in dynamic testing

The article attempts to assess the positioning accuracy of a series of twelve low-cost, code GNSS receivers, manufactured by a single producer (Garmin) in the years 2003-2019, dedicated to runners. The use of such devices in recreation and sports is widespread, but they differ from each other depending on Global Navigation Satellite Systems used and individual characteristics. The surveys were carried out with the use of experimental railway measurement platform, at three speeds (10, 30, 50 km/h). The position accuracy measures commonly used in geodesy and navigation were calculated, as well as Cross Track Error measure for two confidence levels of 68% and 95%. The results demonstrated improvements in accuracy, primarily because of the number of GNSS systems used; e.g. 2011 GPS-only receiver 2DRMS = 10.35 m; 2015 GPS/GLONASS 2DRMS = 8.14 m and 2019 GPS/GLONASS/Galileo 2DRMS = 4.29 m. The test speed did not have a significant effect on the accuracy of the devices.