Biophysical Gradients and Performance of Whitebark Pine Plantings in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

被引:4
|
作者
Laufenberg, David [1 ]
Thoma, David [2 ]
Hansen, Andrew [1 ]
Hu, Jia [3 ]
机构
[1] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall,POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
[2] Natl Pk Serv Inventory & Monitoring Program, 2327 Univ Way, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
[3] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
来源
FORESTS | 2020年 / 11卷 / 01期
关键词
forest management; wildland health; whitebark pine; water balance; CLIMATIC WATER-DEFICIT; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; ALBICAULIS FORESTS; NORTHERN; BEETLE; RANGE; MOUNTAINS; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH;
D O I
10.3390/f11010119
中图分类号
S7 [林业];
学科分类号
0829 ; 0907 ;
摘要
Research Highlights: The efficacy of planting for restoration is important for ecosystem managers. Planting efforts represent an opportunity for conserving and managing species during a population crisis. Background and Objectives: Federal agencies have been planting whitebark pine (WBP), an important subalpine species that is late to mature and long-lived, for three decades in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). These efforts have been met with varying success, and they have not been evaluated beyond the first five years post-planting. Ecosystem managers will continue to plant WBP in the GYE for years to come, and this research helps to inform and identify higher quality habitat during a period of changing climate and high GYE WBP mortality rates. Materials and Methods: We use a combination of field sampling and a water balance model to investigate local biophysical gradients as explanatory variables for WBP performance at twenty-nine GYE planting sites. Results: We found that the WBP growth rate was positively correlated with actual evapotranspiration (AET) and was greatest when cumulative growing season AET was above 350 mm. Growth rate was not strongly affected by competition at the levels found in this study. However, site density change over time was negatively affected by mean growing season temperature and when more than five competitors were present within 3.59 m radius. Conclusions: If they make it to maturity, trees that are planted this season will not begin to produce cones until the latter half of this century. We recommend planting efforts that optimize AET for growth rate objectives, minimize water deficit (WD) that cause stress and mortality, and removing competitors if they exceed five within a short distance of seedlings.
引用
收藏
页数:19
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