Traffic-Related Pollutants: Exposure and Health Effects Among Hispanic Children

We examined traffic-related pollution (TRP) exposure and respiratory health effects in Hispanic white (HW) children, both compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) children and according to genetically determined Native American (NA) ancestry. The sample included over 5,000 children from the Children's Health Study in California, followed during 1993-2014. HW children were 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24, 1.73) times more likely to live close (< 500 m) to a freeway and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.87) times more likely to live close (< 75 m) to a major nonfreeway road compared with NHW children. Among HW children, those with > 50% NA ancestry were > 40% more likely to live close to a freeway or to a major nonfreeway road, compared with those with <= 50% NA ancestry. The association of TRP with ever having been diagnosed by a doctor as having asthma differed between HW and NHW children (P < 0.05), with the strongest association among HW children with > 50% NA ancestry. Within this subgroup, those close to a major nonfreeway road were 2.16 (95% CI: 1.26, 3.69) times more likely to have ever reported asthma compared with those living further away. This paper provides evidence that HW children in southern California, especially those with greater NA ancestry, are more exposed to TRP and are potentially at greater risk for TRP-related respiratory health effects.