Sleep Disorders and Mood, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Overview of Clinical Treatments in the Context of Sleep Disturbances

buffer against physiologic stress states, which is necessary for optimal physical and mental health. Sleep is a critical substrate for regulating the metabolic, immunologic, and cognitive-affective (eg, inhibitory control, emotions, memory consolidation) processes for present and future homeostatic functions. Unfortunately, sleep disorders are observed in 35% to 50% of the general population annually, with those living with a psychiatric disorder representing the highest prevalence rates.1 Difficulty falling or staying asleep, poor sleep quality, within sleep interruptions (eg, nightmares), and excessive daytime sleepiness are the primary disturbances observed in mood disorders (ie, major depressive disorder [MDD] and bipolar disorder [BD]), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep disturbances impose a