Environmental Impacts of Reclaiming, Recycling, and Reusing (R3) Parts of Electric Vehicles' Powertrain

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impacts of applying the R-3 (reclaim, recycle, reuse) concept on the production of parts of the electric vehicle's powertrain. The focus is on connecting the production and end-of-life phases of the inverter and electric machine used in the powertrain using this concept, and how this could help us prevent further environmental degradation and reach sustainable development goals. Carbon emissions have been used as a measure of impact, and we compare these emissions in inverters and motors of EV powertrain produced with different ways to determine carbon savings. The comparison has been done through the carbon embodiments of the materials used in producing/fabricating parts of the electric vehicle's powertrain.