Pulmonary function after surgical lung volume reduction in patients with severe emphysema

Basic problem and objective of the study: Lung volume reduction (LVR) is a new surgical approach designed to relieve shortness of breath and improve exercise tolerance in patients with severe lung emphysema. The aim of this study was to analyse changes of lung function, gas exchange, exercise tolerance and degree of dyspnoea one and 3 months after LVR. Patients and methods: Seventeen patients (15 men and two women; mean age 53 [38-68] years) with severe emphysema (six with alpha(1)-PI deficiency) underwent unilateral (n=14) or bilateral (n=3) LVR surgery. One week before and one and 3 months after surgery pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis at rest breathing room air, 6-minute walking distance and dyspnoea score (Medical Research Council Scale) were determined. Results: There was a significant increase in forced expiratory vital capacity after one second (FEV(1), P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in total lung capacity (TLC, P < 0.0001) and residual volume (RV, P < 0.0001), The mean increase in FEV(1) was 39% acid in PaO2 9%. The mean decrease in TLC was 20%, in RV 26% (P < 0.001: both comparisons), and in paCO(2) 4% (not significant). The mean 6-minute walking distance increased by 96% from 229 to 405 meters (P < 0.0001). The mean dyspnoea score on a five point scale (0-4 points) decreased by 52% from 3.4 to 1.6. With the exception of the improved inspiratory vital capacity the postoperative results at one and 3 months after LVR did not differ significantly. All patients were alive 3 months postoperatively. Conclusions: In patients with severe emphysema surgical LVR shows significantly improved pulmonary function, gas exchange, dyspnoea and walking distance as assessed one and three months postoperatively. The early mortality seems to be low.