Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Waterbird Assemblages in Cuba's South Coast Wetlands: Conservation Implications

Cuba is the largest Caribbean island, supporting the most extensive wetlands in the region. Of the ~370 bird species in this country, approximately 40% are wetland-dependent and most are migratory. Knowledge of bird use of Cuba's wetlands is critical for regional conservation. This study characterized waterbird assemblages in Cuban south coastal wetlands, reports spatio-temporal variations in waterbird diversity and suggests conservation strategies. We conducted 543 surveys across six wetlands (2011-2013). We recorded 110 species. Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors) and Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) were the dominant species. The site with the highest richness and waterbird abundance was Humedal Sur de Los Palacios. Differences in waterbird composition were identified among sites and seasons but not among years. No differences were found in spatial or temporal variability in abundance among sites, seasons or years. Assemblage composition was not spatially dependent on the location of wetlands. Twelve species were at abundance levels exceeding 1% of their estimated global population. This study highlights the global importance of the Cuban south coast to waterbird conservation, particularly during fall migration and the uniqueness of Humedal Sur de Los Palacios. We encourage creation of new Ramsar sites, an Important Bird Area and a new protected area.