THE GLOBAL LABOR MARKET IN THE COORDINATES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

被引:0
|
作者
Makedon, Viacheslav V. [1 ]
Valikov, Volodymyr P. [2 ]
Koshlyak, Elizaveta E. [2 ]
机构
[1] Oles Honchar Dnipro Natl Univ, Dnipro, Ukraine
[2] Alfred Nobel Univ, Dnipro, Ukraine
来源
ACADEMY REVIEW | 2020年 / 01期
关键词
digital economy; world labor market; developed countries; freelancing; professional advancement; employment; transformation of necessary labor skills;
D O I
10.32342/2074-5354-2020-1-52-9
中图分类号
F8 [财政、金融];
学科分类号
0202 ;
摘要
New forms of employment and labor relations in the global labor market under the influence of the digital economy were explored. It is determined that new forms of labor act as an organizational and legal way and condition for the use of intellectual labor, characterized by the absence or modification of one or more features of classical labor relations, namely: the emergence of special employment contracts, which change the way employees are hired, flexible legal regulation labor relations. The classification of new forms of work in the digital economy was formed. It is proved that under the influence of the development of digital technologies there is a proliferation of new forms of work, namely the organizational-legal ways and conditions of use of intellectual labor, which are characterized by the absence or modification of one or more features of classical labor relations, namely the appearance of special employment contracts, according to which method of hiring employees and flexible legal regulation of relations in the field of work; transforming the idea of the workplace in the ordinary sense of this element of work organization; the ability to use a work schedule that optimizes employee working time. The study of the current state of the labor markets of the European Union countries was conducted and the leading tendencies of the development of the US labor market were determined. The consequences of the evolution of the content of labor in the context of innovative changes are evaluated and the transformation of the employment model towards the use of non-standard forms of employment, increase of flexibility and mobility of labor is investigated. In order to identify current trends in the transformation of the labor markets of developed countries under the influence of the fourth industrial revolution, the main trends of their development in the EU and the USA were analyzed. In 2018, the EU employment rate for people aged 20-64 was found to be 73,2%, which is the highest annual average in the EU's history. Employment rates above 75% were in 16 countries: Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom and others. The lowest figure was recorded by Greece - 59,5%. The US employment report exceeded market expectations and showed a marked improvement in all key respects. The number of unemployed people in 2014-2018 decreased. The positive and negative consequences of the transformations of the labor markets of the developed countries were highlighted. The spread of a new model of labor relations in the world is based on the automation of cognitive processes, the introduction of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and digital management. The main consequence of the transformation of the labor markets of developed countries is the transition to a service model of employment. Transformation markets in the developed world have also revealed the following: new forms of work organization, such as freelancing, pharmacy work, artificial intelligence in management, e-governance, dramatic acceleration of technological change, automated desert factories, driverless cars connected to the Internet, e-banking, online business, open online training courses. A promising direction for further development of the labor market in developed countries is the interaction with digital technologies and artificial intelligence, whose potential impact on the labor market is endless. There are three levels of development of artificial intelligence: assisted intelligence, advanced intelligence, autonomous intelligence - technology of the future, which involves the use of machines that will act independently.
引用
收藏
页码:91 / 106
页数:16
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