Sedimentological archives of coastal storms in South-West Wales, UK

High magnitude coastal storms have persistently threatened human communities and environments. In the British Isles their frequency and magnitude are predicted to increase in the future with advancing climate change. This study analyses sedimentological evidence from south-west Wales to assess the impacts of high magnitude coastal storms in vulnerable coastal saltmarshes in the Three Rivers Estuarine Complex, Carmarthen Bay. Storm surge saltmarsh deposits were identified following geochemical and particle size analyses and dated using radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb. The sedimentological evidence is compared with regional tidal gauge and meteorological records to assess variability in storm recording and corroborate the storms which produced the sedimentological deposits. Three episodes of high magnitude saltmarsh storm surge deposition are identified in 1954, 1977 and 1981. Evidence of storm erosion or alternative forms of storm deposition were not present. The sedimentological evidence highlights the comparative rarity of major depositional events in the saltmarshes between 1929 and 2019. The recorded depositional events combined with organic accretion have contributed to maintaining saltmarsh elevation relative to sea level. There remains uncertainty surrounding the storm impacts on the saltmarshes of the Three Rivers Estuarine Complex. When the future 21st century threats of increasing regional atmospheric storminess and sea level rise are considered along with predictions of saltmarsh degradation, this study suggests further research is required to explore the sedimentological storm impacts. This could contribute to sustaining the vulnerable coastal saltmarsh environments and the important ecosystem services they provide.